Challenges in the study of self-assembled aggregates in decoction of traditional Chinese medicine: A preliminary review / 药学学报

Decoction is the most commonly used dosage form in the clinical treatment of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). During boiling, the violent movement of various active ingredients in TCM creates molecular forces such as hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking, hydrophobic interactions and electrostatic interactions, which results in the formation of self-assembled aggregates in decoction (SADs), including particles, gels, fibers, etc. It was found that SADs widely existed in decoction with biological activities superior to both effective monomers and their physical mixtures, providing a new idea to reveal the pharmacodynamic material basis of Chinese herbal medicine from the perspective of component interactions-phase structure. Recently, SADs have become a novel focus of research in TCM. This paper reviewed their relevant studies in recent years and found some issues to be concerned in the research, such as the polydispersity of decoction system, instability of active ingredient interactions during boiling, uncertainty of the aggregates self-assembly rules, and stability, purity, yield of the products. In this regard, some solutions and new ideas were presented for the integrated development and clinical application of SADs.

Comparison of three different measurement methods to determine resting energy expenditure in patients with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis / 中华肝脏病杂志

Objective: To compare the differences to determine resting energy expenditure (REE) measured with indirect calorimetry and REE predicted by formula method and body composition analyzer in patients with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis, so as to provide theoretical guidance for the implementation of precision nutrition intervention. Methods: Patients with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis who were admitted to Henan Provincial People's Hospital from April 2020 to December 2020 were collected. REE was determined by the body composition analyzer and the H-B formula method. Results: were analyzed and compared to REE measured by the metabolic cart. Results A total of 57 cases with liver cirrhosis were included in this study. Among them, 42 were male, aged (47.93 ± 8.62) years, and 15 were female aged (57.20 ± 11.34) years. REE measured value in males was (1 808.14 ± 201.47) kcal/d, compared with the results calculated by the H-B formula method and the measured result of body composition, and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.002 and 0.003, respectively). REE measured value in females was (1 496.60 ± 131.28) kcal/d, compared with the results calculated by the H-B formula method and the measured result of body composition, and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.016 and 0.004, respectively). REE measured with the metabolic cart had correlation with age and area of visceral fat in men (P = 0.021) and women (P = 0.037). Conclusion: Metabolic cart use will be more accurate to obtain resting energy expenditure in patients with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis. Body composition analyzer and formula method may underestimate REE predictions. Simultaneously, it is suggested that the effect of age on REE in H-B formula should be fully considered for male patients, while the area of visceral fat may have a certain impact on the interpretation of REE in female patients.

Research progress of eicosanoid metabolomics in cardiovascular diseases / 生理学报

Eicosanoids are oxidized derivatives of 20-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). In recent years, the role and mechanism of eicosanoids in cardiovascular diseases have attracted extensive attention. Substrate PUFAs including arachidonic acid are metabolized by cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, cytochrome P450 oxidase enzymes, or non-enzymatic auto-oxidation. Eicosanoid metabolomics is an effective approach to study the complex metabolic network of eicosanoids. In this review, we discussed the biosynthesis and functional activities of eicosanoids, the strategies of eicosanoid metabolomics, and applications and research progress of eicosanoid metabolomics in cardiovascular diseases, which might offer new insights and strategies for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

The Results of ABO/RhD Blood Group and Comparative Analysis Detected by Two Methods in Infants Younger than 6 Months / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To detect the ABO / RhD blood type of infants younger than 6 months in different gestational age and month old with automatic microcolumn glass sphere and tube method, and compare the result of the two methods.@*METHODS@#The data of 896 samples of infants younger than 6 months from January 2018 to February 2019 was collected. The two methods were used to detect ABO/RhD blood type in all samples and compare the detection rate of ABO/RhD antigen and ABO reverse typing and agglutination intensity of the two methods.@*RESULTS@#Three hundred and eight cases of type A (34.4%), 281 cases of type B (31.4%), 210 cases of type O (23.4%), 97 cases of type AB (10.8%), and 896 positive cases of RhD blood type were detected out by two methods. There were no significant differences of ABO/RhD antigen agglutination intensity between two methods (P > 0.05). Except for type AB, the detection rate of ABO reverse typing in infants with type B was significantly higher than that with type A and type O (P < 0.05). The agglutination intensity of type A reverse cell was higher than type B reverse cell (P < 0.05). The fully automatic microcolumn glass sphere method exhibited higher detection rate of ABO reverse typing in the samples of type A and type O group and agglutination intensity of ABO reverse typing in all types as compared with the tube method (P < 0.05). The detection rate and agglutination intensity of ABO reverse typing in term group were significantly higher than those in preterm group (P < 0.05). The fully automatic microcolumn glass sphere method exhibited higher detection rate of ABO reverse typing and agglutination intensity compared with the tube method between two groups (P < 0.05). The detection rate and agglutination intensity of ABO reverse typing in group IV (4-6 months old) were significantly higher than those in groups I, II and III (young than 3 months old) (P < 0.05). The fully automatic microcolumn glass sphere method exhibited higher detection rate of ABO reverse typing in I, II, III groups and agglutination intensity of ABO reverse typing in the 4 groups compared with the tube method (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#ABO / RhD blood group antigen can be accurated detected in majority of infants, but the detection rate of ABO antibody is related to gestational age and month age of infants. The detection rate and agglutination intensity of the fully automatic microcolumn glass sphere method in ABO reverse typing are higher than those of the tube method, especially for premature infants and children within 3 months old.

Analysis of risk factors of myasthenia crisis after thymectomy in patients with myasthenia gravis / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To analyze the risk factors of myasthenia gravis crisis after thymectomy with myasthenia gravis (MG). Methods    Sixty-five myasthenia gravis patients who had myasthenia crisis after thymectomy in Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University from June 2006 to June 2019 were retrospectively enrolled, including 31 males and 34 females, aged 15-78 (45.7±17.8) years. The relationship between myasthenia crisis after thymectomy and surgical option, operation time, pathological type, et al. were anylyzed. Results    Operation time and pathological type were the predictive factors of postoperative myasthenic crisis. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of MG type (Osserman) was 0.676, the cut-off value wasⅡB type, the sensitivity was 37.5%, the specificity was 90.5%, and the Youden’s index was 0.280. The AUC of thymoma stage (Masaoka) was 0.682, cut-off value was stageⅡ, sensitivity was 62.5%, specificity was 66.7%, and Youden’s index was 0.292. The AUC of blood loss was 0.658, the cut-off value was 90 mL, the sensitivity was 87.5%, the specificity was 69.6%, and the Youden’s index was 0.304. Conclusion    Preoperative MG classification, pathological type, operation time and blood loss are the risk factors of postoperative myasthenic crisis. Therefore, adequate preoperative preparation, rapid and careful intraoperative operation and active postoperative management can reduce the occurrence of postoperative myasthenic crisis.

3D printing technology assisted the preoperative planning and application value in adult kyphoscoliosis deformity / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the application value of 3D printing technology in preoperative surgery plan and intraoperative auxiliary operation for adult kyphoscoliosis deformity.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 12 adult patients with kyphoscoliosis deformity treated from September 2017 to January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 3 males and 9 females, aged from 21 to 63 years old with an average of (47.67±13.32) years old. Among them, 4 cases were congenital kyphoscoliosis, 2 cases were old tuberculosis thoracolumbar kyphosis ; 2 cases were idiopathic kyphoscoliosis, 4 cases were degenerative kyphoscoliosis. The CT scan data of the patient's spine was imported into Mimics17.0 software to establish the three dimensional model of the spine, and the spine model was produced by 3D printer. Using the spine model simulated operation, preoperative surgery program planning and formulated a precise surgery, and further analysed postoperative imaging parameters improvement. All the patients were followed up for more than 1 year. Before and after operation and at the last follow-up, the scoliosis Cobb angle, maximum kyphosis Cobb angle, and coronal plane balance (distance between C 7 plumbline and center sacral vertical line, CPL-CSVL), sagittal plane balance (sagittal vertical axis, SVA), pelvic parameters and other related imaging parameters were measured to further evaluate its orthopedic effect.@*RESULTS@#Twelve patients with spine deformity were treated with different osteotomy and internal fixation fusion methods under the guidance of a 1∶1 spine model (pedicle screw placement of 4 patients with severe deformity were assisted by pedicle screw guide plates), nail placement and osteotomy have good effects, no major tissue damage such as blood vessels, nerves and spinal cord during and after surgery, no complications such as cerebrospinal fluid leakage and infection. Preoperative Cobb angle of scoliosis was (56.5±22.5) °, Cobb angle of kyphosis was (65.2±19.5) °, C PL-CSVL was (45.8±16.9) mm, SVA was (48.7±25.4) mm. Postoperative at 4 weeks, Cobb angle of scoliosis was (20.8±11.5) °, and Cobb angle of kyphosis was (22.0±6.6) °, with correction rates of (65.1±9.7)% and (64.6± 10.6)%, respectively ; C PL-CSVL was (22.3±8.9) mm, and SVA was (23.3±13.1) mm, all of which were significantly improved compared with preoperative results. The mean follow-up time was (18.5±7.9) months in 12 patients. At the last follow-up, the Cobb angles of scoliosis and kyphosis were (22.2±10.8) ° and (23.6±7.7) °, respectively, C PL-CSVL was (23.5±10.8) mm, and SVA was (24.7±12.5) mm. The results were statistically significant compared preoperative (0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The 3D print model can visually and clearly show the vertebral morphology and structure of adult kyphoscolisis and its spatial relationship with the adjacent vertebrae, blood vessels, and nerves, which provides a good and intuitive stereoscopic anatomical structure observation for the individualization of the surgical plan. Pre-simulation of operations to determine the internal fixation, fusion segment and osteotomy orthopedic way, may to provide a reference for actual clinical surgery, and can improve the accuracy and safety of surgery.

Experimental study of individualized 3D printing-guided template combined with thoracolumbar pedicle screw placement for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate accuracy and safety of individualized 3D printing guided template for thoracolumbar pedicle screw placement in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.@*METHODS@#From January 2016 to September 2019, thoracolumbar spine three-dimensional CT data of 8 patients with ankylosing spondylitis were included, Mimics 17.0 and ideaMaker computer software were applied to design thoracolumbar pedicle screw guided template of patients with AS, physical model of all patients (T-L)were printed by 3D printer, 2 parts in each patient, and divided into guide-plate-assisted screw group (experimental group) and free-hand nail group (control group). Thoracolumbar pedicle screws of both groups were placed by the same spinal surgeon. The accuracy of pedicle screw placement between two groups were evaluated according to results of postoperative CT, the accuracy of the fixation of thoracolumbar pedicle screw was divided into 4 grades, grade 0 and 1 screws were acceptable nails, grade 2 and 3 screws were unacceptable nails. The diameter and length of pedicle screws, the distance between entry point and posterior median line designed by preoperative 3D printing were compared with actual use in operation.@*RESULTS@#Twenty three blocks of thoracolumbar 3D printing screw of ankylosing spondylitis guided templates were designed and printed in guide-plate-assisted screw group, 46 screws were inserted and 44 screws were accepted. The time of implanting a screw into thoracolumbar pedicle was (4.20±1.15) min, the frequency of X-ray was (5.00±1.25) times and the average adjustment times of screw and Kirschner needle during screw placement was (1.76±1.32) times. In the control group, 46 nails were placed by traditional surgical method and 30 screws were accepted. The time of implanting a screw into thoracolumbar pedicle was (14.67±2.23) min, the frequency of X-ray fluoroscopy was (14.46±2.21) times and the average times of Kirschner needle adjustment was (4.76±3.39) times. The success rates between experimental group and control group were 95.65%(44 / 46) and 56.22%(30 / 46) respectively, and had statistical difference (χ=13.538, 0.05). The operation time of inserting a single screw, the times of X-ray fluoroscopy, and the average times of adjustment screw and Kirschner needle in experimental group were significant less than those in control group(<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#The personalized guide template assisted the thoracolumbar fixation designed by 3D printing could significantly improve safety, accuracy and efficiency of surgery, especially suitable for thoracolumbar vertebral bodies requiring posterior pedicle screw fixation for fracture or dislocation with AS.

Next Generation of Artificial Heart: Permanent Maglev LVAD or TAH under 10k USDs

The main obstacle of artificial heart in extending its applications in clinic has been its overhigh price rather than technical property. The new generation of artificial heart must enable the patients to be able to afford it. The author's permanent maglev pumps, both VAD(ventricular assist device) and TAH(total artificial heart), reduce their price to lower than 10 USDs, ca.1/10 of the third generation of artificial heart electric maglev pump. Moreover, thepermanent maglev pump not only retains all the advantages of the electric maglev pump, but also has many innovations: its impeller vane was designed according to the streamlines in the pump, so that the blood damage was reduced as low as possible; It can produce either nonpulsatile or pulsatile flow; It can be made in LVAD or TAH, as wish. Besides, it needs no rotor position detector, no electric magnetic push and pull device for rotor suspension, and no feed-back controller for levitation. This is why itscosts can remarkably reduced. Animal experiments for up to two months and clinical trial lasted 43 hours of permanent maglev LVAD demonstrated that the performances were excellent and perfect

Study on the expression of antiphospholipid antibody subtypes in primary glomerulopathy / 中国实用内科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To discuss expression of antiphospholipid antibody subtypes in primary glomerular diseases. METHODS: All1021 cases who were admitted to our center between June 2015 and July 2017 in Kidney Disease Center, First Affiliated Hospital,College of Medicine, Zhejiang Universityhad renal biopsy in our center and they were praved to have primary glomerular diseases(303 cases of membranous nephropathy, 483 cases of IgA nephropathy, 76 cases of mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, 119 cases of minimal change nephropathy and 40 cases of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis). The levels of anti-cardiolipin(ACL) antibody subtypes(IgG, IgM and IgA)and anti-β2 glycoprotein 1(β2 GP1) antibody subtypes(IgG, IgM and IgA) were measured and compared.RESULTS: The positive rate of APA in membranous nephropathy group was highest(17.5%) and in minimal change nephropathy was lowest group(11.8%), but there were no significant differences among the groups. The positive rates of ACL in IgA nephropathy and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis were 11.4% and 14.5% respectively, which were significantly higher than those of anti-β2 GP1 antibody(P< 0.001, P = 0.009 respectively). The positive rate of anti-β2 GP1 antibody in membranous nephropathy group was 11.2%,significantly higher than that in the other four groups. The positive rate of ACL-IgM in mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis group was 13.2%, which was significantly higher than that in the other four groups(P< 0.05). The positive rate of ACL-IgA in IgA nephropathy group was 5.8%, which was significantly higher than the other four groups, and there was no statistical difference(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Antiphospholipid antibody is positive in patients with primary glomerular diseases, and the positive rate of its subtypes varies among the different pathological types of glomerulonephritis, which can be helpful to differential diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Short-term outcome of radiofrequency ablation combined with endostar in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer: A non-randomized controlled trial / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective     To study the short-term outcome and safety of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) combined with recombinant human endostatin (endostar) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methods     Between December 2013 and December 2014, 80 consecutive patients (50 males, 30 females) with biopsy-proved NSCLC were divided into two groups: a RFA combined treatment group (RFA combined with endostar, 60 patients, 38 males, 22 females, mean age at 67.77±10.43 years) and a RFA alone group (20 patients, 12 males, 8 females, mean age at 67.35±9.82 years). The RFA combined treatment group was divided into three groups according to vascular normalization window of endostar and 20 patients in each group: a combined treatment group 1 (transfusion of endostar after RFA), a combined treatment group 2 (transfusion of endostar for 1 to 3 d before RFA) and a combined treatment group 3 (transfusion of endostar for 4 to 7 d before RFA). The CT scan of the chest was followed up after the treatment, local recurrence and safety was observed. Results    There was a statistical difference in local recurrence time among groups (χ2 = 11.05, P =0.011). The effect of the combined treatment group is better than that of the radiofrequency ablation therapy alone group. And in the recombinant human endostatin of tumor vascular normalization time best combination therapy was observed in the near future effect compared with the radiofrequency ablation therapy alone. In this study common complications were associated with radiofrequency ablation. No recombinant human endostatin related complication was found. There was no satistical difference in safety between the combined treatment group and the radiofrequency ablation therapy  group (χ2= 0.889, P > 0.05). Conclusion     RFA combined with endostar is safe and effective for non-small cell lung cancer.

miRNA-99b inhibits the invasion ability of glioma cells by targeting mTOR / 中国药理学通报

Aim To detect the expression of miRNA-99b and mTOR in glioma tissues and to investigate the effect of miRNA-99b on the cell invasion ability of hu-man glioma cell line U251. Methods The expres-sions of miRNA-99b and mTOR mRNA in glioma tis-sues and normal brain tissues were detected by real-time PCR. After co-transfection with miRNA-99b mim-ics and wild or mutation type mTOR 3′UTR recombina-tion vector,the specific binding ability of miRNA-99b to 3′-UTR in mTOR gene was examined by luciferase gene reporter system. The expression levels of miRNA-99b,mTOR mRNA and mTOR protein in glioma cell line U251 after transfected with miRNA-99b mimics were measured by real-time PCR and Western blot,re-spectively. The cell invasion was measured by Tran-swell assay. The changes of mTOR and miRNA-99b expression levels in U251 cells after transfection with mTOR PsiCHECK were detected by real-time PCR. The correlation between the expression of miRNA-99b and prognosis was analyzed statistically. Results The expressed level of miRNA-99b was lower, and the ex-pression level of mTOR was higher in the glioma tissues than that in the normal brain tissues. The expression of miRNA-99b was up-regulated, and the expressions of mTOR mRNA and protein were down-regulated in U251 cells after transfection with miRNA-99b mimics. However, the abilities of invasion of U251 cells after transfection with miRNA-99b mimics were inhibited. The relative protein expression levels of mTOR in mTOR PsiCHECK group were significantly different from those in negative control group, but the relative expression levels of miRNA-99b had no signifi-cant difference compared with those in negative control group. Over-expression of mTOR restored the abilities of cell invasion in U251 cells, which was reduced by miRNA-99b. The Kaplan—Meier analysis and Log-Rank Test showed that there were significant differ-ences in overall survival (OS) between the miRNA-99b high-expression and low-expression group. Con-clusions The expression level of miRNA-99b is low in human glioma tissue. miRNA-99b may inhibit the cell invasion activity of glioma cell line U251 in vitro via inhibiting mTOR expression.

Arthroscopic meniscus partial resection in treatment of knee meniscus injury / 中国内镜杂志

Objective?To explore the effect of meniscus partial excision under arthroscopy for meniscus injury of knee joint, and compare it with meniscus plasty and conservative treatment.?Methods?The clinical data of 95 patients with meniscus injury of knee joint from September 2012 to September 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. According to the treatment plan, the patients were divided into partial meniscectomy group (37 cases), meniscus angioplasty group (30 cases) and conservative treatment group (28 cases). After 6 months of treatment, the clinical curative effect was evaluated. After 6 months and 2 years of treatment, L-ROM was used to measure the range of motion, and the visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the pain degree. The knee function score (Lysholm) was issued to evaluate knee function. The incidence rates of long-term complications in the three groups were recorded.?Results?The total response rate in partial meniscectomy group (97.30%) and meniscus angioplasty group (86.68%) were higher than conservative treatment group (53.57%) (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between partial meniscectomy group and meniscus angioplasty group (P > 0.05);After 6 months and 2 years of treatment, the knee range of motion and Lysholm scores of the three groups were significantly higher than those before treatment while VAS scores were significantly lower (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences between partial meniscectomy group and meniscus angioplasty group (P > 0.05) but there was significant difference, compared with conservative treatment group (P < 0.05). Lysholm scores of partial meniscectomy group were significantly higher than meniscus angioplasty group and conservative treatment group (P < 0.05), and there was significant difference between meniscus angioplasty group and conservative treatment group (P < 0.05).?Conclusion?The effect of arthroscopic surgery in the treatment of meniscus injury of knee joint is accurate. Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy has more advantages in improving the knee function.

Research on sinusoidal alternating magnetic field therapy system based on inverter technology / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To develop a sinusoidal alternating magnetic field therapy system in order to overcome the disadvantages of the single output frequency and the low effective value of the output magnetic field strength of the alternating magnetic field therapy system in the market,of which the frequency and magnetic density both were continuously adjustable. Methods Multi winding Helmholtz coil was used as the magnetic field generator.On the basis of inverter technology,bipolar equivalent area method considering dead zone and variable speed integral incremental PID control algorithm were used to achieve the accuracy control of magnetic frequency and density in the coil.The accuracy of the resulting waveform and the accuracy of the magnetic field strength was verified by simulation calculation and system current and magnetic field strength test.Results The magnetic field treatment system gained high performance,total harmonic distortion (THD)of sine wave met the requirements of international standards.The obtained magnetic density was as expected of the simulation and calculation. Conclusion The device provides continuously adjustable magnetic field,which has a positive effect on the research for the medical staff, and technical references are provided to the research of magnetic field therapy system.

Comparison of extended thymectomy and medicine for myasthenia gravis / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective     To assess the long-term results and relevant influencing factors of extended thymectomy and medicine-alone treatment of non-thymomatous myasthenia gravis (MG) patients. Methods     We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 174 patients with non-thymomatous MG diagnosed and treated in our department from December 2009 to April 2017, including 81 males and 93 females, aged 13-88 (47.1±17.8) years. According to the different treatment methods, the patients were divided into two groups: an operation group (91 patients receiving extended thymectomy) and a medicine-alone group (83 patients receiving medical therapy alone). The efficacy was evaluated according to the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA). Survival curves of the patients were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method to evaluate the remission rate and survival rate. Cox regression analysis was used to assess the influencing factors of the outcomes. Results     The patients were followed up for 3 to 94 (39.1±26.9) months. As a result, 29 patients (31.9%) achieved complete remission in the surgery group and 13 patients (15.7%) were completely relieved in the medicine-alone group (P=0.014). Further analysis showed that treatment pattern (P=0.018) and MG type (P=0.021) were the main factors related to the efficacy. Conclusion     For patients with non-thymomatous MG, extended thymectomy is superior to the medicine-alone in terms of complete remission rate and the postoperative immunosuppression ratio.

Comparison of Weak ABO Antigen and Normal ABO Antigen in Patients with Acute Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the differences between weak ABO antigen patients and normal ABO antigen patients with acute leukemia, and to explore the clinical significance of weak ABO antigen in acute leukemia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The ABO blood group was detected in 110 newly diagnosed acute leukemia patients(including 68 cases of AML and 42 cases of ALL) and 68 normal controls. Then the leukemia subtype, age, sex, laboratory test, risk status of leukemia patients, and DNA methylation of ABO promoter were compared between patients with weak and normal ABO antigen.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The weak ABO antigen was found in patients with newly diagnosed acute leukemia, and was not found in ALL patients or normal group. No statistical differences were found in the distribution of ABO blood group, age, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenovarix, plt, precursor cell clusters derived from bone marrow, immunopheno-typing, LDH level, and risk status between AL patients of weak and normal ABO antigen groups (P>0.05). Compared with patients in normal ABO antigen group, the pateins in weak ABO antigen group had higher percentage of male(77.8% vs 30%), lower WBC(32.26×10/L vs 82.69×10/L) and Hb level(64.00 g/L vs 85.94 g/L) and higher DNA methylation level (18.91% vs 10.76%) (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The cases of weak ABO antigen frequently appear in the male AML patients, the DNA methylation level of ABO gene promoter in patients with weak ABO antigen is significantly higher than that in patients with normal ABO antigen.</p>

Effect of Intestinal Ischemia-reperfusion Injury on the Expression of Chemerin in Mice / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion on the protein expression of chemerin in C57BL/6J mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 16 mice (C57BL/6J, specific pathogen free level) were randomly assigned into two groups (n=8 each): the intestinal ischemia-reperfusion group and the sham group. The intestinal ischemia-reperfusion state was achieved by blocking the super-mesenteric artery. After 60 minutes of ischemia followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion,we determined the protein level of chemerin in various organs and tissues by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot. The sham group underwent the same operation process except for the blocking of the super-mesenteric artery.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The protein level of chemerin was significantly elevated in distinctive organs and tissues in the state of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The intestinal ischemia-reperfusion can remarkably increase the protein expression of chemerin in some organs and tissues.</p>

The changes of p-Akt/MuRF1/FoxO1 proteins expressions in the conditions of training and immobilization in rats' gastrocnemius muscle / 生理学报

This study was aimed to investigate the changes of muscle protein synthesis and degradation under different movement conditions, so as to provide theoretical basis for muscle atrophy mechanism. Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into control, endurance training (treadmill training), hind limb overhanging and eccentric training (treadmill training, angle -16º) groups. The gastrocnemius muscles of rats were taken and weighed. The muscle was sectioned, and HE staining was employed to determine the cell's cross-sectional area. Protein expression of p-Akt was measured by immunohistochemistry; and the expressions of MuRF1 and FoxO1 were determined by Western blot. The results showed that, compared with control group, hind limb overhanging and eccentric training groups exhibited decreased muscle weight and cross-sectional area, but endurance training group did not show any changes. The expressions of p-Akt in endurance and eccentric training groups, not in hind limb overhanging group, were significantly higher than that in control group. Compared with that of control, MuRF1 protein remained unchanged in endurance training groups, but was increased in eccentric training and hind limb overhanging groups; FoxO1 protein was decreased in endurance training group, but was increased in eccentric training and hind limb overhanging groups. These results indicate that movement (endurance and eccentric training) can activate Akt expression, but does not increase muscle weight, whereas eccentric training and hind limb overhanging can increase the expressions of MuRF1 and FoxO1, and induce amyotrophy, suggesting MuRF1 and FoxO1 are major determinant factors in muscle atrophy.

Study on the mechanism of action of total saponins of Panax notoginseng in ameliorating oxidative stress and insulin resistance in rats fed with high fat diet / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate whether total saponins of Panax notoginseng (tPNS) can ameliorate oxidative stress and insulin resistance (IR) in the high fat induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) rat model and to explore the relationship between oxidative stress and IR.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 50 healthy rats were randomly divided into the normal control group (NC), the model group, the high dose tPNS group (at the daily dose of 160 mg/kg), the low dose tPNS group (at the daily dose of 80 mg/kg), and the bicyclol group (at the daily dose of 100 mg/kg), 10 in each group. Rats in the NC group were fed with standard forage. Those in the rest group were fed with high fat forage. Distilled water was given by gastrogavage to those in the NC group and the model group. Corresponding medication was performed for 4 weeks. Four weeks later Lee's index and body weight were measured. All rats were sacrificed to detect the wet weight of livers. Their sera was isolated and detected to calculate liver functions (serum ALT and AST levels). Levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and fasting insulin (FINS) were detected. Insulin sensitive index (ISI) and insulin resistance index (IRI) were calculated. Serum levels of TNF-alpha and malondialdehyde (MDA), contents of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), hydroxy radical level (-OH), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were measured. Pathological changes of livers was observed by HE staining of paraffin section.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the NC group, rats' wet liver weight and Lee's index increased in the model group (P < 0.05), and results of light microscopy showed that obvious fatty degeneration occurred in livers. Compared with the model group, rats' wet liver weight and Lee's index, as well as ALT and AST could be obviously improved by tPNS and bicyclol (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The fatty deposition of liver cells could also be alleviated. Compared with the NC group, serum levels of-OH, MDA, and TNF-alpha significantly increased, and activities of T-SOD and T-AOC decreased in the model group (P < 0.01), also accompanied with IR. Compared with the model group, concentrations of -OH, MDA, and TNF-alpha decreased after treated by tPNS (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), activities of T-SOD and T-AOC got recovered (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and IR got obvious improvement (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The anti-oxidative stress effect and IR improving effect of tPNS might play partial roles in treating NAFLD.</p>

Effect of food allergy early in life on visceral hyperalgesia in the developing rats and role of substance P abnormal expression in colon / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of food allergy (FA) on the development of visceralgia sensibility and the substance P (SP) expression in colon of developing rats with FA.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Three-week old female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into two groups (n = 10 in each). The rats in FA group were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) 40 µg and Al(OH)3 1 mg suspension solution (0.2 ml) intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection on day 0, only OVA 40 µg solution i.p. on day 2, 4, 7, 9, 11, respectively, and the rats were challenged by gavage with OVA solution 30 mg (2 ml) on day 20, 24, 28, 30. The rats in non-sensitized (NS) group were not challenged except handled in the same ways. The serum OVA-IgE were determined by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) on day 0, 30. Jejunum segments were used to observe morphological structure, the expression of eosinophils, and the density and the percentage of degranulation of mast cells (MC). The rats were appraised for the pain sensibility of intestinal tract under colorectal distension irritation by the electrophysiological method on external oblique in the 18-24 hr after the last challenge. Colons were used to analyze the expression of SP through immunohistochemical staining and computer image analyzing system.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The serum OVA-IgE concentration and the eosinophils, mast cell, the percentage of mast cells degranulation in FA group were more than NS group (P < 0.01). The amplitudes of spike external oblique muscle of abdomen (EOMA, µV) of the FA group under the colorectal distension (CRD) pressures at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 mm Hg were (17.74 ± 0.72), (18.63 ± 1.72), (22.55 ± 1.70), (28.63 ± 7.00), (33.97 ± 7.34), (37.26 ± 8.40), and (17.43 ± 1.18), (17.27 ± 1.16), (17.73 ± 1.42), (19.55 ± 3.54), (23.29 ± 5.46), (25.20 ± 4.75) in NS group. With the CRD pressure increased, the amplitudes of spike EOMA increased significantly. There were significant differences between groups under the CRD pressures at 30, 45, 60, 75 mm Hg (F = 47.470, 13.367, 13.317, 15.390, P < 0.01). The expressions of colons SP in FA group and NS group are 247.12 ± 90.83 and 103.90 ± 58.94, respectively (t = 4.183, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Sensitization through i.p. pathway and challenge by gavage with OVA in early life could result in FA in young SD rats. FA in early life enabled the amplitudes of spike EOMA and the expression of colons SP increase significantly. It may be related to increase in amount and degranulation of MC and SP abnormal expression in colon, which could lead to the development of visceralgia sensibility.</p>

Effects of shugan jianpi recipe on the ion transport of diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome rat colon mucosa induced by 5-HT / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the mechanism of Shugan Jianpi Recipe (SJR) on the ion transportation of diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) colon mucosa induced by 5-HT.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 36 male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups, i. e., the normal group, the model group, and the SJR group, 12 in each group. IBS-D Rat model was induced by intracolonic instillation of acetic acid and restraint stress. After successful modeling, normal saline was given to rats in the normal group and the model group, while SJR was given to those in the SJR group by gastrogavage for 14 days. The short circuit current (lsc) technology was used to measure 5-HT induced lsc changes of the colon mucosa under the actions of drugs and specific blocking agents.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no difference in basal current (BC), the potential difference (PD), and transmembrane resistance (TR) of the distal colon among the 3 groups (all P > 0.05). The 5-HT induced short circuit current change (delta lsc) was lower in the model group than in the normal group (P < 0.05), and it was higher in the SJR group than in the model group (P < 0.05). When 4,4'-diisothiocyanato-stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS, 500 micromol/L), an Ca(+)-dependent Cl- channel blocker, was added from the epiphragm of the colonic mucosa, the 5-HT induced delta lsc was lower in the model group than in the normal group (P < 0.05), and it was higher in the SJR group than in the model group (P < 0.05). When Na+ was substituted in the epiphragm solution (Na+ free) or amiloride (100 micromol/L) was added from the epiphragm of the colonic mucosa, an epithelial Na+ channel blocker, the 5-HT induced delta lsc was lower in the model group than in the normal group (P < 0.05), and it was higher in the SJR group than in the model group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>SJR could affect the transmembrane electrolyte transportation of IBS-D rat induced by 5-HT through regulating the secretion of Cl- and HCO3-. The effects might be achieved by the coordination of apical Cl- channel CFTR, basolateral Na(+)-K+ ATPase, sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter, sodium-bicarbonate cotransporter, Cl-/HCO3- exchanger, as well as K+ channel.</p>